Proof, not claims
The Logbook
Evidence briefs on the people and records that run merchant shipping. One chart, its sources, a short argument.
The 11.5-hour day
What an officer actually carries in a day at sea, and why the paperwork lands after the work is done.
What a human-factor claim actually costs
The median marine claim is small. The average is not. Three of every four claim dollars trace back to human factors.
The experience is leaving the industry
The officer shortage clusters at the second-in-command ranks and concentrates on the vessels where certification does not transfer.